Drivers 0 articles
Woofers, tweeters, parameters, excursion, and working range.
sensitivityexcursionbreakupThiele/Small
Start here
Core concepts
Impedance Impedance is the electrical load the amplifier sees. It changes with frequency, so a speaker marked 8 ohms is not 8 ohms everywhere. Sensitivity Sensitivity tells you how loud a speaker gets from a known input. It helps estimate output, amplifier needs, and how well drivers will match. Frequency response Frequency response shows how loud a speaker is at each frequency. It helps reveal balance, crossover behavior, box tuning, and room problems. Crossover A crossover splits audio between drivers. It is not a hard wall; drivers still overlap around the crossover point. Phase Phase describes timing between waveforms. Around a crossover, poor phase alignment can make two drivers cancel instead of sum. Sealed vs ported A sealed box traps the rear wave in an airtight cabinet. A ported box uses a tuned vent to add bass output around tuning.
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Domains
Audio fundamentals 4 articles
Baseline concepts that show up in almost every build.
impedancesensitivityfrequency responseSPL
Enclosures 1 article
Sealed boxes, ports, passive radiators, leaks, stuffing, and tuning.
sealedportedbox tuningport noise
Crossovers & filters 1 article
Passive filters, active filters, DSP filters, slopes, phase, and polarity.
crossoverslopephasepolarity
Electronics 0 articles
Amplifiers, power, wiring, grounding, impedance load, and protection.
Class DSMPSgainclipping
Measurement 0 articles
REW, microphones, sweeps, SPL, gating, distortion, and interpretation.
REWgatingnearfieldimpedance tested
Room & placement 0 articles
Boundaries, modes, nulls, treatment, and listening position.
room nullsplacementboundary gaintreatment
Materials & fabrication 0 articles
Wood, printed parts, damping, fasteners, adhesives, and tolerances.
MDFplywoodCNC3D printed
Tools & workflow 0 articles
CAD, simulation, measurement workflow, versioning, and documentation.
simulationmeasurement workflowCADrevision
Troubleshooting 2 articles
Symptom-led pages that connect problems to checks and concepts.
weak bassport noisehumbad stereo image
Troubleshooting
Common problems
Weak bass Output is low, uneven, or missing where it should hit. phase · polarity · room nulls · port tuning Port noise Air noise, chuffing, or compression around the port. port tuning · air velocity · flare · excursion Amp shuts down Protection trips, output cuts out, or the amp runs hot. impedance · clipping · heat · wiring Hum or buzz Low-frequency noise, ground loops, or mechanical buzz. grounding · shielding · rattle · power supply Bad stereo image Center image wanders, collapses, or sounds hollow. phase · polarity · placement · toe-in Measurement looks wrong A sweep shows dips, spikes, or noise that do not match what you hear. gating · level · mic position · calibration
Paths
Learning paths
4 concepts Build your first speaker
Start with the concepts that affect driver choice, box behavior, and safe amplifier load.
4 concepts Understand crossoversWork through filter handoff, overlap, phase, and what measurements should prove.
3 concepts Measure a finished buildRead the basics before trusting a sweep or changing the design.