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Frequency response

A map of output level across frequency.

Basic Audio fundamentals 1 min read
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Why it matters

A speaker can measure strong in one region and weak in another. That balance is a large part of how it sounds.

Frequency response helps you see bass rolloff, midrange holes, treble peaks, crossover dips, and room effects.

How it works

A measurement sweep sends known tones through the speaker and records output level. The graph usually shows frequency on the horizontal axis and level in decibels on the vertical axis.

No graph is neutral by itself. Mic position, room reflections, smoothing, level, and gating all change what you see.

Common mistakes

Simple example

Sensitivity Sensitivity tells you how loud a speaker gets from a known input. It helps estimate output, amplifier needs, and how well drivers will match. Phase Phase describes timing between waveforms. Around a crossover, poor phase alignment can make two drivers cancel instead of sum. Sealed vs ported A sealed box traps the rear wave in an airtight cabinet. A ported box uses a tuned vent to add bass output around tuning.

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