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Speaker driver

The transducer that turns an electrical audio signal into sound.

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Why it matters

The driver sets the raw limits of the build.

Its size, motor, cone, suspension, voice coil, and cooling affect bass extension, output, distortion, sensitivity, and safe power. The enclosure and crossover can shape behavior, but they cannot make a driver ignore its physical limits.

How it works

Most DIY speakers use dynamic drivers. Current flows through a voice coil inside a magnetic gap. The coil moves, the cone moves with it, and the cone pushes air.

Different drivers are built for different jobs. A woofer moves more air at low frequencies. A tweeter handles short wavelengths and small motion. A midrange covers the middle. A full-range driver tries to cover a wider band by itself.

Common mistakes

Simple example

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